Urinary System
The urinary system is a complex of organs responsible for filtering the blood, eliminating waste products from the body, and maintaining the water-salt balance. It includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra, ensuring the formation and excretion of urine. The urinary system plays an important role in cleansing the body and maintaining its internal balance.
Did you know that...
01
Body filters
The kidneys filter about 150 liters of blood daily, removing waste and excess fluid, which turns into urine.
02
Fluid retention
The kidneys can regulate the volume of urine, retaining more fluid if the body is dehydrated.
03
Urine color as an indicator
The color of urine can indicate health status—ranging from clear to dark yellow.
04
Bladder
The bladder can hold up to 500 ml of urine before the urge to empty it becomes strong.
05
Self-cleaning
The ureters, which carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder, are equipped with a mechanism that prevents backflow, protecting the kidneys from infection.
Structure and functions
Kidney
A paired organ that filters the blood, removing waste and excess substances, which leads to the formation of urine. Located retroperitoneally in the abdominal cavity at the lumbar level. Consists of: Cortical substance Medullary substance Interesting fact: The kidneys filter about 120-150 liters of blood per day to produce about 1-2 liters of urine, ridding the body of waste and excess water.
Ureter
A tube through which urine flows from the kidneys to the bladder. Interesting fact: In adults, the ureters are about 25 to 30 cm long and about 3-4 mm in diameter. They are thin but long enough to effectively transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Bladder
A hollow organ where urine accumulates until urination. Interesting fact: The bladder has the remarkable ability to stretch to accommodate about 300 to 500 ml of urine, although some people can hold more.
Urethra
A canal through which urine is excreted from the bladder out of the body. In females, the urethral canal opens into the vestibule of the vagina. It is a tube about 3.5-5 cm long. In males, the urethral canal opens at the tip of the penis. It is a narrow, curved tube. It has 3 parts: Prostatic Membranous Spongy Interesting fact: In women, the urethral canal is shorter and wider than in men, making them more vulnerable to urinary tract infections.
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